Health literacy level and health related behavior of high school students in Xuhui District of Shanghai / 上海预防医学

Objective To investigate the health literacy level and health related behavior of high school students in Xuhui District of Shanghai, and to provide basis for health literacy intervention. Methods Using qualitative and quantitative methods, the quantitative part adopted the multi-stage stratified sampling method.A total of 355 aged 15-18 from senior high schools in Xuhui District were selected for face-to-face survey.The qualitative part adopted the form of group interviews, and 20 students from two senior high schools in Xuhui District were selected for interviews. Results The health literacy level of high school students in Xuhui District was 27.32%, which was lower than that of adults in the same period.Among the three dimensions, the level of basic knowledge and concept literacy was the highest, followed by the level of health basic skills literacy, the level of healthy lifestyle and behavior literacy was the lowest; among the six types of health problems, the level of infectious disease prevention literacy and basic medical literacy was at a low level.Statistical analysis of the correct answer rate showed that the answer rate of various questions in the health literacy survey was quite different.Further analysis of the health-related behavioral characteristics of high school students showed that most students had correct health concept and awareness of health change, but they encountered resistance in the process of knowledge transformation into action, which mainly came from academic burden, school education, peer influence and so on.The main channels for high school students to obtain health-related information were classroom, parents, school and various media.They had a high degree of trust in medical professionals and encountered difficulties in seeking health information. Conclusion The health literacy level of senior high school students in Xuhui District of Shanghai needs to be improved.We should explore a health intervention model more suitable for the behavioral characteristics of this group weak links in their health literacy.

Application of free anterolateral thigh adipofascial flap in the correction of facial depression / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the operative technique and therapeutic effect of free anterolateral thigh adipofascial flap in the correction of facial depression.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From Oct. 1996 to Jan. 2007, 32 patients with facial depression deformities were treated with free anterolateral thigh adipofascial flaps. The bone defects in 8 cases were corrected with Medpor implants at the same stage.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>33 free anterolateral thigh adipofascial flaps were used in 32 patients. 2 flaps were used bilaterally in one patient. The size of the flaps ranged from 12 cm x 8 cm to 20 cm x 11 cm (average, 16.5 cm x 10.5 cm). 30 flaps survived completely. Flap edge resorption happened in 3 flaps within half a year postoperatively. Satisfactory results were achieved in 23 patients after one-stage treatment. Another 9 patients underwent secondary operation 6 months postoperatively. Among them, 6 patients underwent flap liposuction because of fatty appearance, 3 patients underwent fat transplantation because of flap edge resorption. The patients were followed up for 6 months to 2.5 years. All the deformities were improved greatly, and the faces were almost symmetrical. The wounds at the donor sites were primarily healed with no functional morbidity.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Free anterolateral thigh adipofascial flap is a large size flap. The flap thickness can be adjusted for three-dimensional reconstruction. The vascular anatomy is relatively stable. The bone defects can also be corrected at the same stage.</p>

Expression of the P450arom mRNA in the glandular tissue of the pubertal mammary hypertrophy / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the expression status of the P450arom mRNA in breast tissue of pubertal mammary hypertrophy and then explore the possible etiology of pubertal mammary hypertrophy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>15 patients were selected for pubertal mammary hypertrophy group. Breast hypertrophy tissue specimens were collected from the gland excised during reduction mammaplasty. 15 patients with pathologically simple fibroadenoma were used as another control group. Patient approval of participation in this study was obtained preoperatively. The expression of P450arom mRNA was detected by RT-PCR in all the cases above.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There was no significant difference between the pubertal mammary hypertrophy groups and normal groups on the expression rates of P450arom mRNA. But among the positive cases, the expression of P450arom mRNA within breast tissue were 0.202 +/- 0.048 in pubertal mammary hypertrophy group; and 0.159 +/- 0.068 in normal group. There was significant difference between the pubertal mammary hypertrophy and normal groups (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The expression of P450arom mRNA in pubertal mammary hypertrophy are significantly higher than in normal mammary glandular tissue. The pubertal mammary hypertrophy may be related to the expression status of P450arom mRNA within breast tissue.</p>

Repairing traumatic partial helical defect with postauricular tube flap / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of postauricular tube flap for repairing traumatic partial helical defect.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The tube flaps were designed according to the site and size of helical defects. The length of tube flaps was 1.2 - 1.5 times as the length of the defects. The length-to-width ratio of tube flap was 3 - 4:1. The procedures required three stages for completion: (1) fabrication of tube flap; (2) 2 - 3 weeks later, division of one pedicle and insetting the flap; (3) 2 - 3 weeks later, complete division of pedicle and repairing the defects.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>From January 1998 to June 2006, 47 cases of traumatic partial helical defects were treated with postauricular tube flaps. All the tube flaps survived completely with no vascular disturbance, infection or necrosis. The patients were followed up for 2 months to five years with satisfactory results.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Postauricular tube flap is a reliable and simple procedure for traumatic partial helical defects with good cosmetic result and less donor site morbidity.</p>

Reduction mammaplasty with the superomedial glandular pedicle / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore a new technique that keep function and good aesthetic shape after reduction mammaplasty.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The superomedial glandular pedicle technique was applied with differing patterns of skin incision according to the degree of the mammary hypertrophy. The extra glandular tissue was removed from the lateral and inferior segment of the breast. The remaining superomedial glandular tissue was remodeled a conical shape. The skin incision was sutured after excision of excess skin.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>36 cases (72 breasts) were treated with this technique. The results were satisfactory and there were no complications. The breasts maintained a lasting and aesthetically pleasing shape and the nipple-areola preserved good sensation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The superomedial glandular pedicle is a safe and effective technique that can provide long-lasting outcome. The design of the procedure can be adapted to a variety of skin incision patterns and breast morphologies.</p>

Study on differentially expressed gene of the liver of treble fatty metabolism genes mutant mice using cDNA microarray / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the gene expression profile of liver of young apoE(-/-)/LDLR(-/-)/Lepr(db/db) treble genes mutant mice and disclose its relationship to hyperlipidemia and the following atherosclerotic lesion.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The gene expression profile was investigated using cDNA microarray technique; the plasma total cholesterol(TC) and triglyceride(TG) levels were analyzed by COD-PAP and GPO-PAP method. And morphological observations of the aorta were made.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among the 4000 target genes, 92 genes were up-regulated and 105 genes were down-regulated in the treble genes mutants, compared with wild type control. Among the differentially expressed lipid metabolism related genes, cholesterol synthesis gene coding for farnesyl diphosphate farnesyl transferase was down-regulated, while triglyceride metabolism gene e.g. pancreatic lipase related protein 1 gene (Pnliprp1) was up-regulated. Expression profile of carbohydrate, cell skeleton and immune related genes were also altered. On the other hand, in the plasma from the treble genes mutant mice at 5 weeks of age, hyperlipidemia was found to be combined with atheroslerotic lesion. All these biochemical and pathological changes were aggravated following aging.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The data suggested that the multiple genes mutations, especially those involved in lipid metabolism, were contributing to the alteration of liver gene expression profile that might lead to hyperlipidemia and atherosclerotic lesion in the young apoE(-/-)/LDLR(-/-)/Lepr(db/db) mutants.</p>

Anatomic study of perforator neurovascular bundles of the deep inferior epigastric perforator flap / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the anatomic characteristics of the perforator neurovascular bundles in the anterior abdominal wall for the anatomical basis of the sensate deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Abdominal wall dissection was performed on 9 embalmed female cadavers (18 sides).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Most of the deep inferior epigastric perforators emerged at the anterior sheath of the rectus. There were averaged 17.5 perforators on each side, with the diameter equal to or larger than 0.5 mm in 7.8 perforators. The number of skin perforators was the greatest in the supero-medial area. 56.2 percent of vascular perforators traveled with the sensory branches while 80.9 percent of larger perforators (> or = 0.5 mm in diameter) run with the sensory branches.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The lateral perforator neurovascular bundle was the first choice in the design of the sensate DIEP flap.</p>

Vertical mammaplasty using the skin wrinkling suture techniques / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To reduce the incision scar produced by reduction mammaplasty.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The periareola incision and the vertical incision below the areola were made when performing breast reduction. The incision in the submammary fold was avoided. The breast was suspended and moulded. The redundant skin and the long skin incision below the areola were sutured utilizing the skin wrinkling suture techniques. The wrinkling skin and incision became flat gradually due to the elasticity of the tissue itself.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>13 cases have been treated with the techniques mentioned above. All incisions healed primarily and there were no complications such as hematoma, infection and necrosis of skin or areola. Of them, 3 patients with very large and ptotic breasts needed small corrective operations to excise the redundant skin that still existed 6 months postoperatively. The shape of the breasts and the vertical incision scars of the other patients were satisfactory.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The vertical mammaplasty using the skin wrinkling suture techniques can be used in breast reduction of various sizes, owing to the advantages of consistent, good and stable result, simplicity to perform and grasp and no scar in the submammary fold.</p>